What are common methods for controlling external bleeding?

Direct pressure, elevation, and tourniquets are widely recognized as effective and essential methods for controlling external bleeding.

Applying direct pressure to the wound helps to compress the blood vessels and encourages the formation of a clot, which is integral in stopping bleeding. Elevation of the injured area above the level of the heart can also assist in reducing blood flow to the area, which further aids in controlling hemorrhage. In more severe cases where direct pressure is not effective, a tourniquet may be applied to control life-threatening bleeding from a limb. The use of a tourniquet is especially important in situations where immediate medical assistance is not available, as it can significantly reduce the risk of hypovolemic shock.

In context, while other methods listed in the options have relevance in various scenarios, they do not encompass the primary and immediate steps typically recommended for controlling external bleeding. For instance, sutures are a form of wound closure used after bleeding has been controlled and are not an immediate intervention. Similarly, heat application and hydrotherapy do not contribute to stopping bleeding effectively and are not standard practice in managing acute hemorrhage. Finally, while packing and pressure bandages are useful techniques, they are part of the broader category of managing wounds and are not as universally