In regards to CPAP, which of the following is a clear absolute contraindication?

The correct choice emphasizes that a head injury with suspected increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a clear absolute contraindication for the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). This is due to the potential effects of CPAP on intracranial pressure; applying positive pressure to the airway can further compromise cerebral perfusion and exacerbate any existing brain injury. In cases of suspected increased ICP, it is crucial to avoid interventions that could worsen the patient's condition or lead to additional complications.

The other options do not constitute absolute contraindications. A systolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg may indicate hemodynamic instability, but it does not automatically preclude the use of CPAP; careful consideration and monitoring can still allow for its use in some cases. While patients above age 12 can typically use CPAP, age alone is not a contraindication; it is the patient's clinical condition that governs the decision. Similarly, minor facial trauma does not impede CPAP use unless there are specific concerns regarding airway management or the ability to create an effective seal on the mask.